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Poale Zion (also spelled Poalei Tziyon or Poaley Syjon, meaning "Workers of Zion") was a movement of Marxist–Zionist Jewish workers founded in various cities of Poland, Europe and the Russian Empire in about the turn of the 20th century after the Bund rejected Zionism in 1901. ==Formation and early years== Poale Zion parties and organisations were started across the Jewish diaspora in the early 20th century. A branch of Poale Zion came into existence in New York City in 1903.〔Martin J Raffel “History of Israel Advocacy” in Alan Mittleman, Jonathan D Sarna and Robert Licht, eds, ''Jewish Polity and American Civil Society: Communal Agencies and Religious Movements in the American Public Sphere'' Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, p.106〕 Branches were formed in London and Leeds in 1903/04 and 1905 respectively.〔Stuart A Cohen English Zionists and British Jews: ''The Communal Politics of Anglo-Jewry, 1895-1920'' Princeton University Press, p.59-60; William Fishman ''East End Jewish Radicals'' London: Duckworth 1975 p.306〕 In November 1905 the Poale Zion (Workers of Zion) Party was founded in Palestine and a month later the Socialist Jewish Labour Party (Poale Zion) was formed in the United States and Canada.〔(Jewish Labour Movement )〕 In March 1906 the Jewish Social Democratic Labour Party (Poale Zion) was created in Russia.〔 In 1906 a formal Poale Zion party was formed in Poltava, Ukraine, under the leadership of Ber Borochov, and other groups were soon formed elsewhere in Europe, including in Poland, Austria and the UK. The key features of the ideology of early Poale Zion were acceptance of the Marxist view of history with the addition of the role of nationalism, which Borochov believed could not be ignored as a factor in historical development. A Jewish proletariat would come into being in the land of Israel, according to Poale Zion, and would then take part in the class struggle. These views were set out in Borochov's ''Our Platform'', published in 1906. A World Union of Poale Zion was formed. The first World Congress took place in August 1907 in The Hague. Its second congress in 1909 in Kraków emphasised practical socialist projects in Palestine, further congresses followed in Vienna (1911 and 1920) and Stockholm (1919). In Ottoman Palestine, Poale Zion founded the Hashomer guard organization that guarded settlements of the ''Yishuv'', and took up the ideology of "conquest of labor" (''Kibbush Ha'avoda'') and ''Avoda Ivrit'' ("Hebrew labor"). Poale Zion set up employment offices, kitchens and health services for members. These eventually evolved into the institutions of labor Zionism in Israel. During World War I, Poale Zion was instrumental in recruiting members to the Jewish Legion. Poale Zion was active in Britain during World War I, under the leadership of J Pomeranz and Morris Meyer, and influential on the British labour movement, including on the drafting (by Sidney Webb and Arthur Henderson) of the Labour Party’s War Aims Memorandum, recognising the 'right of return' of Jews to Palestine, a document which preceded the Balfour Declaration by three months.〔Joseph Gorny The British Labour Movement and Zionism: 1917-1948 London: Frank Cass, ch.1〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Poale Zion」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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